Question

Hermann Diels (“deelss”) popularized the narrative that these philosophers were chiefly occupied with identifying a material first principle, or arche (“AR-kay”). For 10 points each:
[10e] Give this term for philosophers of the Milesian and Eleatic schools. It implies a contrast between their interests and those of an Athenian thinker.
ANSWER: Presocratic philosophers [or Presocratics]
[10h] In the “autobiography” speech of this dialogue, Socrates claims he grew dissatisfied with his predecessors’ reductionist explanations based on “bones and sinews,” leading him to embark on a deúteros ploûs (“plooss”), or “second voyage.”
ANSWER: Phaedo (“FEE-doh”)
[10m] This thinker referenced the contrast by calling Socrates the “first who called philosophy down from heaven, and placed it in” the lives of humans in his Tusculan Disputations.
ANSWER: Cicero [or Tully; or Marcus Tullius Cicero]
<Philosophy>

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