Question
Cabbeling (“kuh-BELL-ing”) is the puzzling process in which two regions of water combine to form water with a higher value for this quantity than that of either original region. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this intensive quantity that is maximized for water at four degrees Celsius. It does not change along an isopycnic (“iso-picnic”) surface.
ANSWER: density [or mass density; or word forms of dense]
[10h] The stability of density stratification in lakes is analyzed using this quantity that, in general, represents the oscillation frequency of a perturbed fluid parcel within a stably stratified body.
ANSWER: Brunt–Väisälä (“VAY-sah-lah”) frequency [or BV frequency; accept buoyancy frequency; prompt on stability frequency]
[10m] Sonar signals reflect off of these vertically-thin regions because water density changes rapidly in them. In a stratified lake, one of these transition zones separates a wind-mixed upper layer and a deep layer.
ANSWER: thermoclines (“thermo-clynes”) [or metalimnions or metalimnia; prompt on thermal layers; prompt on clines]
<Other Science>
Data
| Team | Opponent | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berkeley B | Chicago C | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Chicago A | Columbia A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Chicago D | Kentucky | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Claremont Colleges | WUSTL B | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Columbia B | Duke | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Cornell A | Chicago B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Georgia Tech | Northwestern | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Indiana | Minnesota A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Johns Hopkins | Maryland | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| McGill | Cornell B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Michigan | Iowa State | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| NYU | Berkeley A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| North Carolina A | Waterloo | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Purdue | WUSTL A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Rutgers | Yale B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Stanford | Texas | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Toronto A | Brown | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Toronto B | Florida | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Truman State | Harvard | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Yale A | Illinois | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Exact Match? | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 ACF Nationals | 04/21/2024 | Y | 20 | 14.50 | 90% | 45% | 10% |